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Solutions



Cost Optimization / Negotiation

Project managers need to apply negotiation skills throughout the project life cycle. Early on in a project, as requirements are being captured and initial plans produced, the project manager may need to balance the time, cost, quality and scope requirements of the project and negotiate with stakeholders.

As resources are mobilised or procured, the project manager will need to negotiate internally with line managers who ‘own’ the resources and conduct more formal contract negotiations with potential providers.

As the project progresses, conflicts will arise. The project manager will need to negotiate solutions to conflicts, whether they are informal or contractual.

In some environments, there may be specialist support available. It is important for project managers to know when to ask for help from, for example, the HR or legal departments within the host organisation.

JIT (Just in Time) | It is a manufacturing philosophy.
 
  • Which aims at right part, at right time in right quantity go into the assembly.
  • It is also known as, A philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste & continuous improvement of the productivity”.
  • The primary goal of JIT is to achieve Zero inventory throughout the supply chain.
  • JIT represents a goal which is the total elimination of inventory, minimum work-in-progress & is monitored by constant reduction in working capital.
ISO 9000 (International Organization of Standardization)
 
  • It is an International body which consists of representatives from more than 90 countries.
  • BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) is the Indian representative to ISO.
  • These are non-governmental organizations which provides common standards on international trade of goods & services.
  • ISO 9000 expect firms to have a quality manual that meets ISO guidelines, document quality procedure, job instructions & verification of procedure by third-party inspection.
  • An organization needs to prove its ability to consistently provide product that meets customer demands & applicable regulatory requirements.
  • ISO 9000 series have five international standards on Quality management.
    A. ISO 9000
C. ISO 9002
E. ISO 9004
B. ISO 9001
D. ISO 9003
 
  • Benefits of ISO 9000 series
    1. This gives competitive advantages in the global market.
2. Documentation of Quality procedure adds clarity to Quality system.
3. This will help in increasing productivity.
4. The level of job satisfaction is more.
SIX SIGMA (6σ)
 
  • It is a vision of quality which equates with only 3.4 defects per million opportunities for each product or service.
  • Six sigma level indicates that we are 99.99966% confident that the product or service delivered by us is defect free.
  • This means that only 0.00034% of the product delivered is defected.
  • A process is said to be at Six Sigma provided that the process is not producing more the 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
  • Approach for Six Sigma
    1. DMAIC: It means Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve & control. It is an important system for existing process falling below specification & looking for improvement.

2. DMADV: It means Define, Measure, Analysis, Design & Verify. It is improvement system used to develop new process or products at Six Sigma level.
Lean Manufacturing
 
  • It is a management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS).
  • The main aim of this philosophy is to create a “Success & Repeat” mentality.
  • Lean is a production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than creation of value for the end customer should be eliminated.
  • Lean is a way of life to do only what customer wants.
  • 5S, Six Sigma, Reduce Inventory, Kai-Zen, TPM are the Lean tools.
  • There are main 7 types of wastes that Lean reduced:
    1. Transport: Moving products that are not actually required to perform the processing.
2. Inventory: All finished components, In-process parts, R/M.
3. Motion: People or equipment is moving more than is required to perform action.
4. Waiting: Time lag for the next production step.
5. Over Production: Production more than the Plan / Req.
6. Over Processing: Resulting from poor tool or product design creating activity.
7. Defects: The effort involved in inspecting for the fixing defects.

     

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